Despite the existence of several mechanisms that ostensibly accept complaints regarding violations of citizens' rights, such as the Article 90 Commission of the Parliament (established based on Article 90 of the Constitution, offering a mechanism to citizens to file complaint against any of the three branches of power) and the Oversight Bodies for the exercise of Citizenship Rights in the country's provincial courts, there is no evidence to suggest that complaints to these bodies are independently reviewed and investigated.32 In light of the above, the Government has not ensured that the Judiciary is free from interference of any kind and has not upheld the integrity of judges, prosecutors and lawyers, through transparent and merit-based appointments, and through protecting them and their families and professional associates against all forms of reprisals as a result of discharging their functions. B. The judiciary should also be held accountable for ensuring that proceedings are conducted fairly and that the rights of the parties are respected, through a mechanism that is consistent with the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary. Based on the Law on Supervision of Judges' Conduct, adopted in September 2011, the Supreme Court of Judges has been established to hear complaints against judges and prosecutors.33 According to the law, a range of punishments, from dismissal from government positions to imprisonment and deprivation of rights, are provided for convicted judges and prosecutors.34 The possibility of appealing in this court is available for defendants.35 However, as no information or report has been published on the cases that have been processed in this court, the effectiveness of this mechanism to ensure a fair trial and accountability for judges cannot be assessed. In its national report to the Universal Periodic Review, the Islamic Republic of Iran stated that it held “Human rights training for judges, judicial officers and administrative staff on the rights of the child, the rights of persons with disabilities, the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment and the confronting against domestic violence” and “training courses on citizenship rights for judges, staff and judicial officers”.36 32 Joint submission to the Human Rights Committee, Abdorrahman Center, Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (IHRDC), Impact Iran and Human Rights Activists in Iran, 2020, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2fCCPR%2fICS%2fIRN%2f42313 &Lang=en 33 Law on Supervision of Judges' Conduct, https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/799728 34 Law on Supervision of Judges' Conduct, Article 13 to 21. 35 Law on Supervision of Judges' Conduct Article 37. 36 National Report, UPR 2019, Islamic Republic of Iran, https://undocs.org/A/HRC/WG.6/34/IRN/1 4