prosecute individuals who peacefully exercise their rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly, including journalists and media workers, trade unionists, and lawyers. 26 27 28 29 30 The Iranian legal framework also enables Iranian authorities to severely restrict freedom of expression and the right to information online. In 2018, Iran’s Cyber Police announced that, since its foundation in 2010, it had arrested 74,917 people due to their online activities.31 This number includes many individuals such as bloggers and other social media personalities. Iranian authorities regularly block or restrict access to websites and social media platforms.32 The Government blocked the messaging application Telegram in 2018, an important mean of communication of information in Iran, and a number of its administrators have been arrested and charged with encouraging protests, “disturbing public opinion” and/or “promoting homosexuality”.33 During the 2019 November protests, the Government ordered a country-wide internet shutdown, impairing the possibility to document acts of violence in real time.34 Despite the existence of several mechanisms that ostensibly accept complaints regarding violations of citizens' rights, such as the Article 90 Commission of the parliament (established based on Article 90 of the Constitution, offering a mechanism to citizens to file complaint against any of the three branches of power) and the Oversight Bodies for the exercise of Citizenship Rights in the country's provincial courts, there is no evidence to suggest that complaints to these bodies are independently reviewed and investigated.35 Additionally, as the aforementioned restrictions on otherwise protected activities under international law are enshrined into Iranian law, opportunities to seek justice are particularly limited. 26 HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/journalist-masoud-kazemi-arrested>; <https://www.en-hrana.org/journalists-deathattributed-to-travel-and-healthcare-restrictions> <https://www.en-hrana.org/annual-report-of-prosecuted-lawyers-in-iran>; <https://www.en-hrana.org/iranian-authorities-detain-lawyers-and-civil-rights-activists> <https://www.en-hrana.org/omctrepression-of-human-rights-defenders-goes-on-uninterrupted-in-iran> 27 See more : ARTICLE 19, Small Media, Human Rights Activists in Iran, Impact Iran, Human Rights Committee, 129th session (Geneva) 29 June – 24 July 2020, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/IRN/INT_CCPR_ICS_IRN_42315_E.pdf 28 See more: Iran Human Rights, https://www.iranhr.net/en/reports/23/ 29 See more: Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, https://iranhrdc.org/controlled-and-pursued-labor-activism-incontemporary-iran/ 30 See more: Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort, https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/Rapport-iran-2020-gb-070420WEB.pdf 31 Small Media, Digital Rights in Iran, UPR Submission, Session 34 : <https://uprdoc.ohchr.org/uprweb/downloadfile.aspx?filename=6980&file=EnglishTranslation > 32 Small Media, Digital Rights in Iran, UPR Submission, Session 34 : <https://uprdoc.ohchr.org/uprweb/downloadfile.aspx?filename=6980&file=EnglishTranslation > 33 Small Media, Digital Rights in Iran, UPR Submission, Session 34 : <https://uprdoc.ohchr.org/uprweb/downloadfile.aspx?filename=6980&file=EnglishTranslation > 34 See more : Article 19, https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TTN-report-2020.pdf 35 Joint submission to the Human Rights Committee, Abdorrahman Center, Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (IHRDC), Impact Iran and Human Rights Activists in Iran, 2020, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2fCCPR%2fICS%2fIRN%2f42313 &Lang=en 4