during election time by definition also interfere with the enjoyment of rights afforded by Article 25. The Parties Law regulates the activities of all political parties, trade associations, religious parties, and any other groups “established by real persons believing in certain essential policies and ideals and whose objectives… are related to the administration of the state and general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran.”38 Iran’s prohibition on contacts that are harmful to freedom or national unity is too broad. Freedom and national unity in this context may carry many meanings and are not sufficiently objective to prevent misuse by governmental officials. Recommendation Status: This recommendation has NOT been implemented. 38 Iran Political Parties Law and Relevant Executive Regulations, Art. 1. 5