Kurdish23 and Baha'i24 minorities are reportedly frequently denied legal representation. Prisoners reportedly remained incarcerated without proper access to legal representation at all stages of their trial process and lawyers were reportedly denied timely access to their clients' legal files.25 26 In cases where legal representation is granted, it is usually allowed only during official trial proceedings and denied during the investigative phase of the process; this is a common trait of reported national security cases, where Iranian intelligence agencies are involved in the investigative stages.27 Lastly, there are reports of individuals being kept in pre-trial detention for disproportionate amounts of time before being notified of their charges and before being brought before a judge.28 29 30 31 32 Despite the existence of several means and mechanisms that accept complaints regarding the violation of rights in Iran, including fair trial and due process, such as the Judges disciplinary court, the Article 90 parliamentary commission and, in general, any appeals courts including the Supreme Court, there is no official and readily available evidence to suggest that all complaints are addressed and adjudicated by the relevant authorities. There is no official and readily available information or data on investigations of human rights violations in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including physical and psychological torture and denial of due process. However, reports above mentioned suggest that such violations occur regularly in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Following the announcement of the victory of incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the presidential election on June 12th, 2009, thousands of demonstrators took to the streets in Iran to protest the results. In response to the protests, the Islamic Republic sent the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the Basij militia (a volunteer paramilitary force) to repress the demonstrations.33 Due to the lack of official information about the whereabouts of victims, the total number of those killed in the 2009 post-elections protests remains largely unknown.34 Although the government stated in September 2009 that a total of 36 people, including security 23 HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoner-denied-access-to-an-attorney> HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/uncertain-situation-of-seven-bahai-detainees-in-rajaie-shahr-prison> 25 HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoner-denied-access-to-an-attorney> 26 HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/court-prevents-lawyer-accessing-files-five-sunni-prisoners> 27 HRW < https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/03/24/iran-detainees-denied-fair-legal-representation > 28 UNPO < https://unpo.org/article/21430 > 29 Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/03/13/iran-submission-committee-rights-child 30 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, July 2020, https://undocs.org/A/75/213 31 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, September 2019, https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/37/24 32 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, January 2019, https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/40/67 33 Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, 2013 https://iranhrdc.org/violent-aftermath-the-2009-election-and-suppression-ofdissent-in-iran/ 34 Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, 2013, https://iranhrdc.org/violent-aftermath-the-2009-election-and-suppression-ofdissent-in-iran/ 24 4