Protection of Citizenship Rights and provincial supervisory boards, conduct regular inspections and investigate any reports or complaints” with regard to allegations of torture.44 There is no readily available information that might indicate that complaints have been properly investigated and adjudicated either by the Board or the Secretariat. Reports of cases of torture in the Islamic Republic of Iran are regular.45 46 Amnesty International reported widespread and systematic use of torture by Iranian authorities against protestors during and after the November 2019 protests.47 As of November 2020, there is no readily available information that might indicate that Iranian authorities have opened investigations compliant with international standards into allegations of torture committed by police, security and intelligence agents and prison officials in the context of the November 2019 protests. Despite the existence of several mechanisms that ostensibly accept complaints regarding violations of citizens' rights, such as the Article 90 Commission of the parliament (established based on Article 90 of the Constitution, offering a mechanism to citizens to file complaint against any of the three branches of power) and the Oversight Bodies for the exercise of Citizenship Rights in the country's provincial courts, there is no evidence to suggest that complaints to these bodies are independently reviewed and investigated.48 Additionally and as aforementioned, the absence of a crime of torture in itself under Iranian law prevents prosecution, which is limited to cases of torture provided under the law, and therefore hinders access to justice for victims. Considering the above, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has not duly investigated complaints of torture and ill-treatment, and the shortcomings of the Iranian legal framework hinder accountability for perpetrators. There is no readily available information that might indicate that the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken measures to prevent the recurrence of acts of torture and ill-treatment, apart from the reported inspections and investigations into complaints. Recommendation Status: This recommendation has NOT been implemented. 44 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, February 2020, https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/43/12/Add.1 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, March 2018, https://undocs.org/A/HRC/37/68 46 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, January 2020, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G20/021/53/PDF/G2002153.pdf?OpenElement 47 Amnesty International, https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/MDE1328912020ENGLISH.PDF 48 Joint submission to the Human Rights Committee, Abdorrahman Center, Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (IHRDC), Impact Iran and Human Rights Activists in Iran, 2020, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2fCCPR%2fICS%2fIRN%2f42313 &Lang=en 45 6