of the Constitution, offering a mechanism to citizens to file complaint against any of the three
branches of power) and the Oversight Bodies for the exercise of Citizenship Rights in the country's
provincial courts, there is no evidence to suggest that complaints to these bodies are independently
reviewed and investigated.5 Especially since the laws in Iran are not completely clear regarding
the definition of "discrimination" in general, as most laws in Iran refer to “unfair discrimination”,
a concept that is most notoriously mentioned in Article 3 (9) of the Iranian Constitution, it leads
one to think that there is such thing as fair discrimination, which, in turn, constitutes a serious
loophole in legislation and can lead to violations.
As discussed above, despite the persistence of gender discrimination when it comes to diyeh
payments, there have been some positive steps taken, namely the adding of an article to the IPC
on religious minorities and the establishment of the “Physical Injury Insurance Fund”. As such this
recommendation has been partially implemented.
Recommendation Status:
This recommendation has PARTIALLY implemented.
5
Joint submission to the Human Rights Committee, Abdorrahman Center, Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (IHRDC),
Impact Iran and Human Rights Activists in Iran, 2020,
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2fCCPR%2fICS%2fIRN%2f42313
&Lang=en