sensitive to such issues and create many barriers around any application of such programs. These include the events surrounding the government's efforts to implement the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”) document. The Ministry of Education had planned to implement a national plan on sexual education which drew upon the SDGs, but in the face of religious resistance,4 these measures were stopped.5 The efforts, which were opposed by religious institutions, were banned by order of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei.6 Among the topics that were objected to by religious institutions was the emphasis on the need to provide sexual education to children and adolescents, which opponents of the plan referred to as "promoting corruption and teaching sex to children."7 In recent years, Government officials, including Ministry of Education officials, have discussed the question of provision of sexual and reproductive health education in secondary education institutions.8 Yet in practice and based on publicly available information, the Government’s approach to sexual and reproductive health education for adolescents has not changed at all. 9 Such an atmosphere, in practice, makes it difficult to advance any comprehensive program in this field in Iran. For example, an official at the Ministry of Education points to the difficulties of implementing such programs and suggests that such programs be presented as a "hidden curriculum."10 Sexual education is currently offered at the tertiary educational level,11 and there are courses available on the subject matter for couples approaching marriage. While the Government allegedly provides some education on sexual and reproductive health to adolescents, this practice does not constitute a comprehensive national policy, with the Government claiming that there are educational and moral limitations on providing such education.12 B. Ensure that sexual and reproductive health education is part of the mandatory school curriculum and is targeted at adolescent girls and boys, with special attention to preventing early pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections The Committee on the Rights of the Child stipulates that State parties should provide adolescents with access to sexual and reproductive information, including information on family planning and 4 https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4438936/ https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/978633/ 6 https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-features-39835884 7 https://tn.ai/1423953 8 https://www.irna.ir/news/83413340/; http://www.baharnews.ir/news/151327/ ; https://www.ilna.news/fa/tiny/news-924283 9 https://www.ilna.news/fa/tiny/news-924283 10 Ibid. 11 A list of topics covered in such courses. Pre-marital, in-marriage and post-marital education is included in this list. The target groups of these trainings are people over 10 years old. See http://health.kaums.ac.ir/Default.aspx?PageID=209 12 https://www.ilna.news/fa/tiny/news-924283 5 2

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