concerns about the slow progress of the bill, which has been under review since 201014 and as of February 2021 is under the review of the Iranian Parliament.15 The draft bill will then need to be vetted by the Guardian Council. The Secretary General also noted that “critical articles were reportedly removed from the initial proposal of the Executive, including provisions protecting women from various forms of violence and criminalizing domestic violence.”16 17 As of early February 2021, the available draft of the law18 suggests that the text may be insufficient to protect women in Iran from discriminations and violence. Even though the draft law may bring positive developments, it will remain limited by the Civil Code19, the Family Law20, and the Islamic Penal Code21, which contain provisions effectively discriminating against women and fail to protect them adequately from violence.22 In November 2019, the Islamic Republic of Iran rejected States’ UPR recommendations asking for the criminalization of domestic violence and marital rape.23 Structural discriminations deeply entrenched in the Iranian legal system ultimately translate to widespread discrimination against women, in all aspects of their lives.24 There are a number of mechanisms where Iranian citizens can report violations of their rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the Article 90 Commission of the parliament,25 or Oversight Bodies for the exercise of Citizenship Rights in the country's provincial courts.26 However and as aforementioned, gender discrimination is inherent to the Iranian legal framework. Consequently, there is little opportunity for one’s complaint in that matter to be adequately addressed and properly adjudicated in compliance with international standards. There is no independent National Human Rights Institution to receive complaints from children, including girls, in the Islamic Republic of Iran. With regards to illegal acts of violence against women under Iranian law, there is no readily available information that might suggest that complaints are adequately addressed, investigated and adjudicated. 14 Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights, Centre for Supporters of Human Rights and Minority Rights Group International September 2019, https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1203136/download 15 New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/world/middleeast/iran-sexual-violence-metoo-women.html 16 Report of the Secretary General, Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2020, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IR/Report_of_the_SecretaryGeneral_on_the_situation_of_human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_IranA4320.pdf 17 See Radio Farda https://en.radiofarda.com/a/new-watered-down-draft-law-on-violence-against-women-iniran/30173089.html ; and ISNA www.isna.ir/news/98071612729/ (in Farsi). 18 https://shenasname.ir/laws/7023 19 The Civil Code: < https://shenasname.ir/laws/6664 > 20 The Family Law: < https://shenasname.ir/subjects/family/1470 > 21 The Islamic Penal Code: <https://shenasname.ir/subjects/salamat/1571-mojazat92 > 22 This information is up-to-date and accurate as of early February 2021. For more up to date information on the passage of this bill, please click the following link: http://www.impactiran.org/vawbill 23 Recommendations 26.253, 26.254, Universal Periodic Review, Iran, 2019, https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/43/12/Add.1 24 See more: Minority Rights, https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/MRG_CFR_Iran_EN_Sept191.pdf 25 The Article 90 Commission was established to receive the citizens' complaints against government institutions and has the responsibility to review them and transmit cases for judicial procedure accordingly. 26 These committees have the responsibility to oversee the strict implementation of the "Law on Respect for Legitimate Freedoms and Civil Rights” 3

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