opportunity for one’s complaint in that matter to be adequately addressed and properly adjudicated in compliance with international standards. There is no independent National Human Rights Institution to receive complaints from children, including girls, in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although there is an office associated with the President’s office called Deputy for Women’s and Family Affairs, which is tasked with handling issues surrounding violence against women, there is no readily available information that might indicate whether the office’s work has had an impact in practice. With regards to illegal acts of violence against women under Iranian law, there is no readily available information that might suggest that complaints are adequately addressed, investigated and adjudicated. The Islamic Republic of Iran has not repealed or amended laws that discriminate against women and girls. C. The Special Rapporteur calls on the Government to ensure that any bill still before Parliament that would further undermine the empowerment of women is dropped In 2016, a draft Population and Family Excellence bill, that would require employers to prioritise hiring men and prohibits the employment of unmarried men and women in university faculty positions, was introduced before the Parliament.55 The bill has been reintroduced in May 2020 and as of February 2021, is still under review.56 57 58 This bill would further undermine women’s right to work. 59 D. The Special Rapporteur urges the Government to ensure the freedom of movement of women and girls Iran’s Civil Code forbids a woman from leaving the matrimonial home without the husband’s permission unless she is able and willing to go to court to prove that she is endangered.60 The Civil Code specifies that a woman who decides to leave the marital home will not receive alimony from her husband, which may well function as a deterrent for women to exercise their freedom of movement. According to Article 18 (3) of the Passport Law, a woman needs a written permission from her husband to obtain a passport.61 In addition, the husband has the right to 55 UN Human Rights Council, ‘Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, A/HRC/34/65, 17 March 2017, para. 67 56 https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/legal_draft/show/1553358 57 See more : Amnesty International https://www.amnesty.org/en/press-releases/2015/03/iran-proposed-laws-reduce-women-tobaby-making-machines/ Center for Human Rights in Iran, https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2014/01/women-population/ 58 See more: Human Rights Watch https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/05/25/its-mens-club/discrimination-against-women-iransjob-market# 59 See more: Minority Rights, https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/MRG_CFR_Iran_EN_Sept191.pdf 60 Article 1117 of the Civil Code. 61 The Passport Law: https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/96904 6