The Supervision and Inspection Board, established under the Law on Respect for Legitimate Freedoms and Safeguarding Citizen’s Rights, monitors the compliance of policies and conducts with the law and confronts those in breach. The Board’s functions include submitting “the complaints it receives to the relevant bodies and pursuing the investigation until it yields an outcome”; “deploying inspection groups to the bodies”; and “preparing reports on the implementation of laws in the country every three months and making them available to the public every three months.”5 The Supervision and Inspection Board has also set up a database enabling victims and witnesses to submit their complaints. On the occasion of its 2019 Universal Periodic Review, the Islamic Republic of Iran stated that “the prosecutors, through judges stationed in prisons as well as the Secretariat of the Protection of Citizenship Rights and provincial supervisory boards, conduct regular inspections and investigate any reports or complaints” with regard to allegations of torture.6 There is no readily available information that might indicate that complaints have been investigated and adjudicated either by the Board or the Secretariat in an independent and impartial manner. Additionally, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran reported that the Citizenship Rights Watch Board carries periodic inspections of prisons and detention centres. According to the government, the body “received and handled 3,275 complaints and reports, through the complaint system, in relation with civil rights violations. Between 2015 and 2018, a number of 28,504 inspections were carried out to prosecutors' offices, prisons and detention centres.”7 There is no readily available information about the outcome of such inspections and whether they led to the investigation of acts of torture and ill-treatment against detainees. As a consequence, there is no readily available information that might indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran is holding agents of the State, who are the subject of complaints handled by the aforementioned mechanisms, accountable. On the contrary, numerous NGO and OHCHR reports deploring the large-scale impunity enjoyed by agents of the State of the Islamic Republic of Iran suggest that these mechanisms of complaints are insufficient and/or inefficient.8 9 Further, the Islamic Republic of Iran lacks mechanisms to hold, agents of its security and intelligence apparatus, notably the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), accountable. The IRGC is an independent security force tasked to preserve the ideals of the 1979 revolution.10 Throughout the years, the IRGC extended its security and intelligence role in Iran, separate from 5 See Executive By-law of Article 1(15) of the Law on Respect for Legitimate Freedoms and Safeguarding Citizens’ Rights. Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, February 2020, https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/43/12/Add.1 7 National Report, UPR 2019, Islamic Republic of Iran, https://undocs.org/A/HRC/WG.6/34/IRN/1 8 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, July 2020, https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2F75%2F213&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop 9 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, January 2021, https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FHRC%2F46%2F50&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop 10 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, English translation, https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/constitutionenglish-1368.pdf 6 2

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