approved by the Parliament and the Guardian Council, thus it is unclear what its eventual effect may be. In January 2020, the U.N. Secretary General expressed concerns about the slow progress of the bill and noted that “critical articles were reportedly removed from the initial proposal of the Executive, including provisions protecting women from various forms of violence and criminalizing domestic violence.” During its 2019 UPR, the Government noted that was raising awareness on the issue of child marriage in local communities. Yet, there are no details regarding these awareness campaigns, and it is unclear what is included in their content, the geographical spread or groups being targeted. Consequently, the effectiveness of these awareness campaigns cannot be assessed. The State also could take further measures to ensure that families are not incentivised to permit marriage of their children. Separately from government sanctioned awareness campaigns – the effect of which is unclear – non-governmental organizations (“NGOs”) have also attempted to raise awareness on child marriage but have been restricted by government interference. Imam Ali Populations, an NGO, had been active in this regard and carried out awareness campaigns and educational activities in rural areas; however, in March 2021, the organization was “dissolved” by a court ruling after the court accused officials of this NGO of "conspiracy" in cooperation with international organizations against Iran.19 There are reports that other awareness raising campaigns have been targeted and restricted. Despite the alleged existence of State awareness campaigns, the problem of child marriage persists in Iran because the domestic law does not prohibit forced and underage marriage of children and thus allows such practices to continue. Iranian laws have not yet been amended to address these concerns. Between March 2018 and March 2019, the National Organization for Civil Registration reported over 30,000 marriages involving girls between the age of 10 and 14 years old, including 209 marriages involving girls under the age of 11.20 However, the number is likely to be higher as many child marriages are unregistered.21 In January 2020, the Secretary General highlighted that 19 https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-56273882 Report of the Secretary General, Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2020, para 37 <https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IR/Report_of_the_SecretaryGeneral_on_the_situation_of_human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_IranA4320.pdf> and See <www.sabteahval.ir/avej/tab-1499.aspx > (in Farsi) 21 Report of the Secretary General, Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2020, para 37 <https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IR/Report_of_the_SecretaryGeneral_on_the_situation_of_human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_IranA4320.pdf > 20 3

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