incarcerated without proper access to legal representation at all stages of their trial process and lawyers denied timely access to their clients' legal files. 34 35 36 Defendants in national security cases are often denied access to a lawyer in the investigative stage of the judicial process. 37 Of the hundreds of cases that the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre has investigated of individuals arrested for political reasons, or suspected of committing ordinary crimes, none of the individuals were interrogated with the presence of an attorney. 38 Similarly, none of the death row prisoners Iran Human Rights has inquired about have had access to a lawyer in the initial phase after their arrest.39 Access to legal aid is therefore not effective in practice in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Article 90 Commission of the Parliament is in charge of investigating complaints from citizens made against the operations of the Parliament itself, the executive and the judiciary.40 There is no readily available information indicating the number of complaints of violations to the right of access to legal counsel received and investigated by the Article 90 Commission. Recommendation Status: This recommendation has NOT been implemented 34 HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/arash-sadegh-golrokh-iraeis-lawyers-access-cases HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoner-denied-access-to-an-attorney> 36 HRANA <https://www.en-hrana.org/court-prevents-lawyer-accessing-files-five-sunni-prisoners> 37 Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, joint submission to the Human Rights Committee from the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, Impact Iran, Human Rights Activists in Iran, 2020, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/IRN/INT_CCPR_ICS_IRN_42313_E.pdf 38 https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/IRN/INT_CCPR_ICS_IRN_42313_E.pdf 39 https://iranhr.net/en/articles/4732/ 40 Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, https://iranhrdc.org/internal-regulation-on-the-commission-of-article-90-of-theconstitution/ 35 4

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